Strategy for Improving Core Nursing Competency-based Education / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the core competencies of nursing students and to improve competency-based nursing education. METHODS: A triangulation method was used. A literature review and focus group interviews (FGI) were used to identify nursing core competencies. The present level of nursing competencies of students was identified through the nursing core performance questionnaire. RESULTS: 1) Nursing core competencies, including 23 different competencies, were categorized into seven areas through a literature review and qualitative research. These competencies included: desirable personality, attitude & interpersonal skills, professionalism, nursing knowledge & basic nursing skills, ability to cope with nursing situations, basic ability in nursing research, coping ability with changes in the healthcare environment, and leadership. 2) Core nursing skills, nursing research, and nursing leadership were the three lowest ranking competencies. Some courses in the curriculum were to be newly established in an e-learning system, student's portfolio in non-curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed in order to show effects of the changes. Changes after applying the strategy of a nursing education program will be measured. Continuous research in competency-based nursing education is needed.

Development and Evaluation of Standardized Telephone Counseling Guidelines on Symptom Management for Patients Discharged after Colorectal Cancer Surgery

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to develop standardized telephone counseling guidelines regarding symptom management for patients discharged after colorectal cancer surgery, and to apply and assess it in practice in order to increase patient satisfaction and compliance level. METHODS: Five frequent symptoms; pain, diarrhea, constipation, bowel obstruction and wounds were extracted by a preliminary survey. RESULTS: For wound and bowel obstruction, the most frequent applied guideline was ER recommendation, and it was statistically significant (p<.002). The assessment result of guideline application (satisfaction rate, compliance rate and symptom resolution) shows an average satisfaction rate of 3.80 on a 4 point scale and all 6 cases which recommended immediate ER visits followed the guidelines. CONCLUSION: According to the result of this study, the developed guidelines are worth while to increase patient satisfaction as well as to resolve symptoms.

Effects of Alcohol-Related Factors on Drinking Behaviors and Problematic Sexual Behaviors in College Students

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychosocial stress, alcohol expectancy, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and drinking behaviors with problematic sexual behaviors in college students. METHODS: Participants were college students (129 males, 67 females) with a mean age of 22.6 years old. Data analysis was done with SPSS 13.0 for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.53 program for path analysis. RESULTS: The path model showed a good fit to the empirical data (chi2=10.14, P=0.71, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.94, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.07). Our analysis showed that psychosocial stress, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and alcohol expectancy had a significant direct effect on drinking behaviors and that drinking behaviors had a significant direct effect on problematic sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that alcohol prevention or education programs should emphasize stress management and refusal skills training to prevent college students from drinking behaviors and problematic sexual behaviors at the highest risk for various stressors and heavy drinking.

Depressive Symptoms and Related Risk Factors in Old and Oldest-old Elderly People with Arthritis

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and risk factors in elderly people (old vs oldest-old) with arthritis. METHODS: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) was used with a sample of 1,084 elderly people with arthritis aged 65 or above. RESULTS: We found that the prevalence of depressive symptom was greater for oldest-old people (66.7%) compared to old people (56%). Significant differences between old people and oldest-old people were found for education, living with spouse, number of generation, regular exercise, body mass index (BMI), ADL limitation, self-rated health, and depression. Significant differences existed between depression and non-depression in terms of all variables except region and BMI among old people. But, among the oldest people, ADL limitation and self-rated health showed differences. The Logistic regression analysis revealed that religion, medical comorbidity, ADL limitation, self-rated health were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in old people. But, in oldest-old people, none of the variables were associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: The findings show that there are age differences in depression and related factors in elderly people with arthritis. Longitudinal studies, which covered depressive symptom severity and which are controlled for a large number of potential confounders, will need to complement the results of this study in the future.

The Reliability and Validity of a Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised (DRSEQ-R) in Korean College Students / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to test the reliability and validity of a Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised (DRSEQ-R) in Korean college students. METHODS: The DRSEQ-R was designed to assess an individual's belief in their ability to refuse drinking alcohol by Oei et al. (2005) and consisted of three factors (social pressure, opportunity, and emotional relief). A methodological study design with an exploratory factor analysis for validity and correlation coefficients for reliability was used. DRSEQ-R was translated into Korean and a translation equivalency was obtained. DRSEQ-R was tested with a sample of 201 college students in Korea. The subjects consisted of 106 males and 95 females. Principal component factor analysis was used for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate for internal consistency of the instrument. RESULTS: The factor analysis showed three factors explaining 66.3% of total variance and the corresponding factors were emotional relief (48.01%), drinking contextual opportunity (11.18%), and social pressure (7.14%). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=.937). All three factors of DRSEQ-R negatively correlated with alcohol dependency and a heavy drinker showed a lower DRSEQ-R than a moderate drinker. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, DRSEQ-R is a reliable and valid instrument to measure for drinking refusal self-efficacy in Korean college students.

Alcohol Experience, Alcohol Knowledge, and Alcohol Expectancy in Early Adolescents / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to explore the prevalence of alcohol experiences and to identify the expectancy on the effects of alcohol and alcohol knowledge in early adolescents. METHOD: The cross-sectional survey of 1854 students from seven middle schools in one district of Seoul was conducted by convenience sampling. Alcohol experience and early onset of alcohol use were measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Alcohol expectancy was measured by an Alcohol Effects Questionnaire. RESULT: Over sixty five percent of adolescents reported that they had previous drinking experiences. The participants with no alcohol drinking experience had a lower level of alcohol knowledge than those with experience(t=2.73, p=.007). In expectancy on effects of alcohol, girls had a more positive alcohol expectation than boys(t=-2.54, p=.011). Alcohol knowledge negatively correlated with alcohol expectancy(r=-.40 p=.000). In regression of alcohol expectancy, gender and alcohol knowledge were significant predictors explaining 17%. CONCLUSION: The results support that alcohol expectancy is an important link with early drinking experiences and alcohol knowledge, focusing on the importance of gender differences. Therefore, an alcohol prevention program in early adolescence is needed and should be focused on multidimensionality of the alcohol expectancy with developmental and psychosocial factors for early adolescents.

The Effects of a Physical Activity-Behavior Modification Combined Intervention(PABM-intervention) on Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Elementary School Children / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a physical activity-behavior modification combined intervention(PABM-intervention) on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese elementary school children. METHODS: Thirty-two participants (BMI> or =85 percentile or relative obesity> or =10) were allocated to the PABM-intervention group and behavior modification only intervention group. The PABM-intervention was composed of exercise intervention consisting of 50 minutes of physical activity(Hip-hop dance & gymbased exercises) twice a week and the behavior modification intervention consisted of 50 minutes of instruction for modifying lifestyle habits(diet & exercise) once a week. Effectiveness of intervention was based on waist circumference, BP, HDL-cholesterol, TG, and fasting glucose before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The proportion of subjects with 1, 2, 3 or more metabolic risk factors were 28.1, 43.8, and 15.6%, respectively. After the 8-week intervention, waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HDL-cholesterol changed significantly(p<.01) in the PABM group. CONCLUSION: This provides evidence that a PABM-intervention is effective in changing metabolic risk factors such as waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HDL-cholesterol in overweight and obese elementary school children.

Health-risk Behaviors and Self-efficacy in Elderly Adolescents

No abstract available.

Family Resiliency Facto for the Adaptation of Family who have a Congenital Heart Disease / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of family strain, perceived social support, family hardiness, and family adaptation and identify the family resiliency factors for the adaptation of families who have a child with congenital heart disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 90 families who had a child diagnosed with congenital heart disease and completed surgical treatment. Data was collected from parents using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Results from path analyses revealed that family strain had a direct effect on both perceived social support and family hardiness, and an indirect effect on family adaptation. Also, the findings revealed that perceived social support had a direct effect on both family hardiness and family adaptation, and family hardiness had a direct effect on family adaptation. Thus, these results indicated that perceived social support and family hardiness had a mediating effect on family strain. CONCLUSION: Findings provide the evidence for the theoretical and empirical significance of perceived social support and family hardiness as family resiliency factors for family adaptation. Clinical implications of these findings might be discussed in terms of family-centered nursing interventions for the families who have a child with congenital heart disease based on an understanding of family resiliency for adaptation.

Perceived Social Support as a Predictor on Adaptation of Family Who has a Child with Pediatric Cancer / 아동간호학회지

Families of children with cancer face many illness-related demands. The perceived social support is a critical resource for the family adaptation process. And the patterns of family adaptation to childhood cancer varies as characteristics of disease, which is prognosis, the influence of cognition function, and treatment process. The conceptual definition of social support is not unidimensional. However, most studies focus on general aspect of mediating effects on adaptation. Diverse dimensions of perceived social support should be considered in its effectiveness for intervention. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether family's perceived social support influences the family adaptation of family with pediatric cancer and what dimension influences mostly in family adaptation as the characteristics of disease in the family of children with cancer. The subject was consisted of 102 families with pediatric cancer who had been diagnosed as leukemia or brain tumor last 2 years. Those families had participated in the education program or meetings for family who have with pediatric cancer children. The measurement for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) Part- ll developed by Brandt and Weinert to measure parents' perceived social support, and the McCubbin's Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to measure family coping. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Regression analysis showed that perceived social support has effect on family adaptation with beta=.43, p < .01. In the group of family of child with leukemia, social support as general has effect on adaptation (beta=.40, p < .01) and specially, social support perceived as intimacy was strongly effect on family adaptation. And In the group of brain tumor, Social support has effect on adaptation(beta=.46, p < .01) and among the social support domains, the self esteem dimension was most predictable to family adaptation. In conclusion, the perceived social support is a predictor on family adaptation and useful vehicle to help family who has child with pediatric cancer. An important clinical implication is that specified support program for intervention may be useful and critical for the family who has diverse pediatric conditions of childhood cancer. Further studies should stress the effects of family support for clinical intervention and is needed with diverse stage of development and pediatric conditions.